What You Need to Know About Atrial Fibrillation

September marks National Atrial Fibrillation Month, which focuses on educating the public about Atrial Fibrillation (AFib), a common heart rhythm disorder that affects millions worldwide. It involves an irregular and often rapid heart rate, which can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Continue reading for a comprehensive overview of atrial fibrillation, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.

What is AFib?

AFib is an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm that occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat out of coordination with the lower chambers (ventricles). It can lead to poor blood flow and increase the risk of complications. If left untreated, AFib can lead to serious complications:

• Stroke
• Heart failure
• Blood clots
• Cognitive decline

Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation

There are several symptoms of AFib, although some people may not experience any symptoms.

Common Symptoms

• Palpitations: Feeling of a racing or irregular heartbeat
• Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing during physical activity or even at rest
• Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and weakness
• Dizziness or lightheadedness: Feeling faint or dizzy
• Chest pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest, which can vary in severity

Less Common Symptoms

• Sweating: Excessive sweating without apparent cause
• Anxiety: Feeling anxious or panicked
• Reduced exercise capacity: Difficulty engaging in physical activities that were previously manageable

Causes and Risk Factors for AFib

Several factors can contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation:

• Heart-related conditions: High blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart valve issues, and congenital heart defects
• Other medical conditions: Thyroid problems, sleep apnea, obesity, and diabetes
• Lifestyle factors: Alcohol and drug use, excessive caffeine consumption, and stress
• Genetic predisposition: Family history of atrial fibrillation

Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation

Diagnosing AFib involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Essential diagnostic tools include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures the electrical activity of the heart and identifies irregularities
• Holter monitor: A portable device worn to record heart rhythm over 24 to 48 hours continuously
• Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound to create images of the heart, helping to detect structural abnormalities
• Blood tests: Assess thyroid function and other underlying conditions

Treatment Options for Atrial Fibrillation

Treatment options for AFib aim to control the heart’s rhythm and rate, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications such as stroke. Healthcare providers tailor treatment plans to individual needs, considering the severity of symptoms, underlying causes, and overall health.

Medications

• Anticoagulants: Blood thinners to prevent clot formation and reduce stroke risk
• Rate control medications: Beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers to manage heart rate
• Rhythm control medications: Antiarrhythmic drugs to maintain a normal heart rhythm

Procedures

• Cardioversion: Electrical or pharmacological methods to restore normal heart rhythm
• Catheter ablation: A minimally invasive procedure to destroy areas of the heart causing abnormal rhythms
• Pacemaker implantation: Used in cases where slow heart rate accompanies AFib

Lifestyle Changes and Management

Managing AFib often involves making lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms and improve heart health.

• Maintain a healthy diet: Focus on heart-healthy foods rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Exercise regularly: Engage in moderate physical activity as a healthcare provider recommends.
• Limit alcohol and caffeine intake: These substances can trigger or worsen AFib episodes.
• Manage stress: Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you suspect you have AFib, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage the condition effectively and reduce the risk of serious health issues. Consulting a healthcare professional will allow appropriate diagnostic tests and a tailored treatment plan to manage the symptoms and underlying causes. Seek immediate medical care if you experience:

• Severe chest pain
• Fainting
• Severe shortness of breath
• Signs of a stroke (sudden numbness, weakness, slurred speech)

Protect Yourself and Your Loved Ones

AFib is a serious condition that requires careful management and treatment. By understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can take proactive steps to manage your health and reduce the risk of complications. Early detection and treatment of AFib can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life.

If you suspect you have atrial fibrillation, consult Vail Health’s Cardiovascular Center & Pulmonology. Our board-certified cardiologists provide comprehensive care for cardiac disease, starting with diagnostics and assessments. Treatment options may include blood thinners, electrophysiology (addressing arrhythmias with advanced care such as pacemakers and defibrillators), and rehabilitative measures.